Scope, Progress And Road Bumps - 1476 Words

B. SCOPE, PROGRESS AND ROAD BUMPS Since previous laws only apply to major financial or PII industries, other industries in the public sector that store and handle consumer account information and non-public sensitive information have no legal obligations to protect such data. Representatives Randy Neugebauer (R-TX) and John Carney (D-DE), Senators Tom Carper (D-DE) and Roy Blunt (R-MO) introduced legislation in the House and Senate, called the Data Security Act of 2015, titled H.R. 2205 and S. 961. This bill is meant to better protect consumers from identity theft and account fraud by establishing a clear set of national standards that would help prevent and respond to data breaches. Because the provision of the bill would require non-financial organizations that have access to customers’ sensitive information to invest more resources on information protection, the Retail Industry Leaders Association (RILA), along with thirteen other industry trade groups, expressed strong opposition to the bill. However, it is supported by EPC (Electronic Payments Coalition), Credit Unions. The Act is ordered favorably as amended by the 46 Yeas and 9 Nays. The Committee moved to report an amended version of the legislation out of Committee and to the House of Representatives in December 2015. Some clarifications and changes were made in the amended version but there is disagreement among the Committee members on the scalability of data security measures in the bill and preemption. In aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Philosophy of School Counseling1076 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Human Nature It is human nature to take the easy way when given a choice between an easy option and a difficult one. However, the easy way is not always the best way to grow and progress. Growth occurs when adversity is present, not when there is an absence of adversity and everything is easy. The Roman poet Horace observed, Adversity has the effect of eliciting talents which in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant.  Horaces  contention  examines the role that adversity plays in theRead MoreA Report On Pmi Pmbok Guide2881 Words   |  12 Pagesproject should start and gather required information to begin the work. 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Cultural And Linguistic Disconnect Between Teachers And...

Cultural and Linguistic Disconnect in Classrooms Students are often the first people to call teachers out for being disconnected. A prime example is displayed in chapter two of Milner. Mr. Hall, a science teacher working in an urban school believed that he just needed to know his content area to be a successful educator (49). However, he discovered that he also need to know his students deeply to get his students to respond to him in meaningful ways. Disconnect can be defined as a lack of personal connection between teachers and students. Disconnect can come at any stage of the school year. It can happen at the fault of the teacher or at a cultural level. The two types of disconnect that I will discuss in this paper are cultural and linguistic disconnect. Cultural disconnect refers to the customs, music, and pop culture of the students and ways that teachers do not understand their students’ culture or depreciate it. Linguistic disconnect refers to the phrases, words, sayings that are used amongst students and can include Ebonics and other cultural languages. This paper will attempt to expose the impacts of disconnect and discuss what measures first year teachers can take in order to be a culturally and linguistically responsive. Growing up in Calvert County, MD, I only had two teachers who were people of color in thirteen years. That is a major problem for a student coming of age, whether white or a person of color. While many political figures do not believeShow MoreRelatedA Reflection On The Invisible Wall Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesInvisible Wall Throughout my schooling some teachers and professors had a profound impact on the person and educator I am today. As a Mexican-American student, I sat in countless classrooms with teachers that never truly reflected who I was as a person or even tried to connect. In the primary grades, I quickly became aware of how â€Å"different† I was culturally and religiously. As my schooling continued I never had a Latino teacher; however, I did come across teachers who were honest and open about adversityRead More Parental Involvement Fosters Student Success Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesfosters higher student academic achievement levels (Danielson, 2006; Jacobs Kritsonis, 2007). One crucial element of parental involvement is effective communication between parents and teachers. Research show parents prefer to establish informal relationships with frequent open and non-judgmental exchanges with their childrens teachers (Eberly, Joshi, Konzal, 2005). Accordingly, this article is to explore key research-based recommendations for school administrators and teacher leaders to identifyRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language1620 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure and patterns of sentences. It focuses on the form. 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Build Organisational Stimulates Creativity -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Build Organisational Stimulates Creativity? Answer: Introduction The change in the needs and the preferences of the consumers has affected the behaviors of the companies. Technological advancements have largely affected the change that is being undertaken by the organizations in order to cope up with the challenges faced. The most important consideration that the organizations undertake is based on the leadership and management of the organizational behaviors, which helps the organizations to plan their progress in the market. The report aims at understanding the organizational structure of organizations that led to the downfall of the market shares resulting to the modifications that are being undertaken by the organizations in order to cope up with the changes. The organizational structure helps in determining the abilities of the organizations in relation to the market availability of the organizations. The improvements in the product and the services that the organizations undertake help in improving the market situation of the organization (Clutterbuck and Hirst 2012). The report enumerates the ways in which the organizational structure and the procedures undertaken by Organizations affect the availability of the products and the services. The main purpose of the report is to enumerate the changes undertaken by the organization in order to cope up with the advancements. The structure of the organization and the procedures that the organization undertakes is an important consideration that justifies the cause of their availability in the market (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Organizational culture that allows continuous improvements The organizational culture helps in identifying the significant changes that must be undertaken. Changes are necessary for the organization to cope up with the requirements of the people. The approaches that are being considered by the organizations are based on the criteria of change that the organization enforces (O'Hair, Friedrich and Dixon 2007). The norms and regulations that are enforced by organizations and the policies that the organizations undertake determines the kind of change. The most important consideration undertaken by the organizations is based on the criteria of making the most of the resources in the market structure. The changes that are being taken by the multinational corporation, IBM, are based on the requirements of the company to improve the market conditions. The engagement of the suppliers and the awareness that the company seeks to create among the stakeholders helped the company in making the changes. The organizations can bring in the change through the formulation of the planning and implementation teams, assigning a business goal depending on the requirement of the progress and the improvements of the activities undertaken by the organization structure (Beyerlein and Harris 2004). Assigning a business goal helps the organization in keeping the employees motivated and thereby undertake integrated functions in order to achieve the goal. The multinational company, IBM, has adhered to the requirements in order to ensure the changes in the organizational structure. The upgrades in the systems and the security have helped in undertaking steps for bringing in improvements in the functions of the organization. On the other hand, Ford motors could not sufficiently change the organizational structure based on the requirements of the consumers. This resulted to a loss of the market and a declining economy of the company. The basic consideration undertaken by the company is based on the culture of the organization and the changes that are required to be brought to the systems to cope up with the changes. Approaches to accept the change In order to accept the change the organization undertakes the certain approaches. The approaches help the organization in justifying the change that is being undertaken by the organization. According to Kotter and Schlesinger, the approaches undertaken by the organization relating to the change can be divided in the six basic forms. They are being enumerated in this section of the analysis (Kotter 2012). The approaches are being discussed in this section of the analysis. Education and communication Communication is the basis of the improvement that will be facilitating organizations to undertake important decisions of the change. A dynamic communication helps in integrating the internal and the external departments and that will be helping organizations in bringing about the change (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). The message of change can be circulated in a free manner with the usage of proper communication strategies. On the other hand, the education helps in making use of the resources in the perfect manner. It will enable the company to hire skilled work force, which is an important factor for the progress of their business. Participation and involvement The active participation of the employees and the stakeholders is an important consideration undertaken by the company in order to implement the change. It is on the efforts of the stakeholders that Organizations functions (Kotter 2012). According to the CEO of Nokia, the employees are the major helping hand for their progress (Damanpour and Aravind 2012). Therefore, the participation of the employees helps an organization in bringing about the change. Facilitation and support The facilities and support that is being planned by organizations will be helping the organization to facilitate their position in the market and improve their market situation. It helps in bringing about the probable change in the structure (Kotter 2012). The facilitation implemented by the organizations will help in supporting the change that is being undertaken by then organizations. Negotiation and agreement The negotiation and agreement is the stage where the organization faces the change and argues on the requirements of the change to be implemented. The situation of the organization in the market mostly influences this approach of the organization. It helps the organization in understanding the needs of the organization to fulfill the requirements. Manipulation and co-option Manipulation of the strategies helps the organization in bringing about the change in the systems. The change that is required to be brought in the system is based on the requirements of the organization (Kotter 2012). Manipulation of the changes helps in bringing in the improvements in the models of the organization. Explicit and implicit coercion The explicit and the implicit coercion are based on the leadership styles of the managers where the managers can force the change upon the employees. It might result to a lower retention rate of the employees (Damanpour and Aravind 2012). On the other hand, the effective management of the organization can convince the people working under the organization to accept the change. Continuous quality improvement The continuous quality management is based on the facts that organizations aim at delivering the quality products and services. The quality of the product ensures the client retention rate for the organization. Quality improvement can be undertaken by the organization through the continuous monitoring over the functions and the systems undertaken by the organization. The important consideration undertaken by the organization is based on the requirements of the clients and the expectations of the stakeholders. In order to hold on to the market, the company must undertake serious strategies in order to monitor over the services and the products manufactured. The organizations must make it a point to consider the customer satisfaction through the products and the services developed by them (Ahuja, Soda and Zaheer 2012). The main aim of the organizations must be customer oriented in order to fulfill the demands of the clients. On the other hand, empowering the employees and motivating them in order to perform their job role in the best possible way is the important consideration that the company in order to progress. The communication channels chosen by the company also determines the changes undertaken by the organization. It helps in determining the efficiency of the organization in performing the actions. The company also requires monitoring over the statistical units in order to determine the financial perspectives involved in the change. Every change that is being undertaken by the companies cost something out of the organization. The change helps in making the considerable improvements based on the requirements of the organization. The market conditions of the companies help in determining the change that is being undertaken. Impacts of leadership style and management on improvement processes Management styles Implementation Impact Autocratic The decisions of the organization are undertaken by the individual not considering the decisions of the group members Discontent and malfunctioning of the workforce Democratic It undertakes steps in order to encourage the participation of the employees while taking a decision It helps in encouraging the employees and undertake the smooth functioning of the organization Strategic It helps in influencing others to take decisions based on the long term objectives of the organization It helps n the strategic planning and the decision taking of the firms The changes that are being planned by organizations are based on the leadership style that the organization undertakes. The leadership style of the organization and the management largely affects the change. It helps in the formation of the strategies and the implementation of the strategies. The autocratic leadership helps in making the right decision for the organization (Alvesson 2012). The autocratic management helps in determining the most important concern of the organizations based on the requirements of the change. The decisions that are being formulated by the organizations in order to adhere to the change are based on the criteria of the requirements of the people. The leadership styles greatly affect the stakeholders of the organization and the employees at large. The liberalistic style of leadership helps the employees in taking up the change by convincing them of the requirements of the change. On the other hand, the bureaucratic leader forces the change on the systems o f the organization and the employees. It might cause a break down in the morals of the employees and thereby the change might not be undertaken successfully. Importance of continuous improvement The continuous improvements undertaken by organizations are based on the criteria of the change that is being undertaken by the organization. In order to undertake the improvements in the market, the company must undertake the changes to cope up with the requirements of the consumers. It helps the organization in meeting the expectations of the consumers at large. The rise of information technology has affected the growth of multinationals largely (Camisn and Villar-Lpez 2014). Organizations must make use of the information technology in order to keep the target consumers aware of the situation of the company in the global markets and also about their technological advancements. Therefore, the organization is required to modify their systems in order to cope up with the changes in the environment adhering to the requirements of the clients. It helps them in enhancing the availability of the brand in the market. Opportunities for improvement The organizations are required to undertake the changes in order to cope up with the requirements of the consumers. The growing needs of the consumers are based on the technological advancements made by the era. In order to cope up with the changes of the era, the multinational companies are required to undertake certain changes. The changes help the organizations in keeping up to the market considerations and thereby make progress in the respective fields. PESTLE analysis is being initiated by Nokia in order to gain the insights about the technological environment to be faced. The analysis of the technological environment with the help of the PESTLE analysis shows that, technology in the electronic gadgets markets is rapidly changing and evolving. Thus, it is important for Nokia to effectively determine the need and requirement of the customers and in accordance to that offer newer technologies in the market. The sources that helps the organization in determining the change that is required to be undertaken by the organization is based on the market research. The market research of the organization helps the organization in bringing in innovations in the products therefore helps in bringing in improvements in the systems. On the other hand, the proper understanding of the requirements of the clients is facilitated through a thorough study of the buying habits of the customers. It is facilitated by the implementation of the Customer support systems of the organization. The systems help the organization in understanding the changing trends of the world and the change in the requirements of the people Improvements that are being undertaken by the companies The improvements that are undertaken by the companies are based on the amount of requirements of the clients and the environment. The change helps the company in making the considerable improvements in the structure and the functions of the organizations, which enables them to sustain their brands in the market. Most of the changes undertaken by the companies are based on the competitiveness of the market and therefore the companies examine their communication abilities and the redesign their organizational structure in order to take the correct decisions. Certain companies like the Mc Donalds have undergone massive change in the years in order to cope up with the requirements of the consumers (Cummings. and Worley 2014). The changes in the food that the company prepared was based on the health concerns of the people affording the food. The considerable changes that the company took clearly portray their concern relating to sustaining their brand in the market. in order to cope up wi th the market competition,. The concerned company for this report, Nokia has opportunities to bring about the change in the systems in order to cope up with the advancements of the technology of the era. The most important consideration undertaken by the company based on the market situation faced by the company is to consider a change in the structure of the company (Burke 2017). It will be helping the organization in bringing in improvements in the structure of the organization. The opportunities for improvement of the Nokia Corporation are based on the relation it holds with the stakeholders. The stakeholders form the integral part of the progress that a company makes. Therefore, it is necessary for every company to maintain a healthy relation with the stakeholders. The concerned company must enumerate new strategies of communicating with the stakeholders in order to keep them involved and thereby make a progression (Argote 2012). On the other hand, the company has an opportunity of improving the information system of the organism in order to improve in the present day market. it is based on the requirements of the customers that the company enumerates and incorporates the change. The other opportunities for the change include the consideration of the technological aspects by the company rather than focusing o the hardware of the products that are manufactured. The importance of meeting the requirements of the consumers must be considered by the organizatio n in order to bring about the significant change in the organizational structure. It helps in determining the market situation of the company (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). Therefore, the concerned company must undertake steps in order to meet the requirements of the people opting for their product or services depending on the trend. The company must also make use of the innovations in order to sustain the market for their line of products. The company has undergone the changes where the consumer queries were answered in the marketing campaign. The company therefore made an attempt to relay the information of the proceedings of the company to their stakeholders to make them aware of the situation. On the other hand, Apple redesigned the products manufactured by the company in order to hold on to the market of the organization. it helped them in retaining the brand name of the organization and thereby helped the company in retaining the loyalty. Apple began restructuring its product line based on the quality of the products manufactured by the organization which helped them to improve their market share (Rummler and Brache 2012). The transformational change undertaken by Apple helped the company in retaining the market of the organization. Likewise, Nokia is trying to evolve new technologies in the era of technological advancements in order to ensure that their market availability remains undisturbed. Simultaneously, the company is focusing on improving the communication systems, which helps the company in transmitting the information to the people and the stakeholders thereby creating awareness among the people (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Every product faces a life cycle in which the product is first introduced to the market and then craved for and afterwards with the decline in the marginal utility of the product it ends up. In order to sustain the product in the market, the company must bring in innovations in the product. it helps the company in gaining a competitive advantage in the market. The concerned company can update the existing range of phones to the current technology that is the trend, or might simply introduce a new product in the market packed up with the tech. The change in the organizational systems can helps in bringing simultaneous improvements to the company in order to sustain the market of the company (Kaufer and Carley 2012). The most important consideration undertaken by the company based on the requirements of change is improving the communication systems of the company. It enables the company to transmit information externally and internally which helps in bringing in the changes effectively . Big data and its impact on the strategic management Big Data helps in calculating the data at macro levels of management. it helps in assessing the credentials of the given organization relating to the change that is being planned by the companies. It helps in determining the hidden patterns of the organizations and modify them in order to bring about the change in the organizational culture. The most important concern of the companies are based on the requirements of the consumers on whose demand the company runs (Kerzner 2013). Adhering to the requirements of the client helps the organization in making the considerable changes in the organization for its gradual improvement. The undertaking of the market analysis is also included in the Big Data in order to understand and correlate the market situation of the company. The Big Data analysis helps in understanding the correlation between the changes that are being required by the organization structure. In order to adhere to the changes, the analysis helps in determining the market demand and trends that are affecting the market of the organizations. The analysis helps in undertaking the effective management of the organizations as it determines the changes that the organization must undertake in order to sustain in the market and imp[rove simultaneously (Pettigrew 2014). On the other hand, Big Data requires information based on which the analysis of the functioning is made. The wrong interpretation of the information and the other vulnerable aspects might affect the evaluation of the systems. The proper management of the organization is based on the resourcefulness of the organization and the information that is gathered. The management of the organizations is based on the decisions taken by the organization. The analysis helps in taking the correct decisions analyzing every aspects of the change that the organization is required to undertake. Therefore, Big Data helps in managing the organizations through the understanding of the trends and the requirements of the consumers, which is an important concern for the companies striving to improve market conditions Weaknesses One of the key weaknesses being faced by Nokia is the diverse requirement of analytic tools required for the analysis of big data. This caused in the trailing of Nokia in the competitors behind the major players in the market. This is one of the key weaknesses identified due to the reason that, the less effective will be analysis of the big data, the less effective will be the determination of the market requirements. Moreover, in the case of Nokia, their operations were situated in different locations around the world. However, on the other hand, big data caused trend that may not get matched with the trend in different regions. Thus, it is one of the weaknesses for them due to the reason that, the accurate determination of the market trend cannot be made. Areas of improvement in the organization The concerned company for this report has various areas of improvement in order to improve the market shares and the sales of the products manufactured by the organization. the changes that the organization, Nokia, must undertake in order to improve is being enumerated in this section of the analysis. Changes in the communication channels Undertaking proper communication strategies and channels will be helping Nokia in facilitating the integration between the internal and the external departments of the organization (McKenzie and Van Winkelen 2004). On the other hand, proper communication also helps in maintaining the relationship with the stakeholders of the company. proper channels of communication helps in improving the organizational structure and maintain the stability of the actions and the decisions taken by the organization. The more effective communication process between the internal stakeholders will help in effective determination of the issues of them. Thus, Nokia will have advantage of having no issues related to the employees. This is due to the reason that, with the help of the effective business communication, the issues of the employees can get mitigated by the upper level management. Changes in the technology The change in the technology is an important step that must be taken by Nokia in order to keep up with the advancements of the era (Garca-Morales, Jimnez-Barrionuevo and Gutirrez-Gutirrez 2012). It also helps in maintaining the client retention and loyalty, which is an important aspect in order to determine the market situation of the organization. Maintaining sound relation with the stakeholders Stakeholders are the silent benefactors of the company. They contribute their resources for the betterment of the organization. Therefore, maintaining a sound relation with the stakeholders helps in determining the improvements planned by the organization (Martins and Terblanche 2003). Proper communication strategies must be undertaken by the organizations in order to transmit valuable information of the proceedings of the company to these silent benefactors. Customers are one of the key and main stakeholders for Nokia. This is due to the fact that, effective identification of the requirement of the customers will help Nokia to offer the products accordingly and meet the market trend and requirement. Thus, initiation of the effective relationship management will help in effective determination of their needs and requirement. Employee empowerment Employees help in improving the situation of the company through their acceptance of the change undertaken by the company and proving their loyalty towards the company through their hard labor. Therefore, the company must take steps in order to keep their employees motivated. Through several grants and incentive policies Nokia is looking forward to retain the employees and empower them to enhance the efficiency of their functions (Ashkenas et al. 2015). Monitoring over the products and the services Monitoring over the products and the services prepared by the organization is an important steps in order to determine the quality of the products and the services developed by the organization. Quality checks can be useful in order to ensure the improvements planned by the organization in the market. Nokia is having effective and proper customer and employee feedback mechanism. With the help of these mechanisms, they gather the feedback from the employees regarding emergence of any issues in the production process. On the other hand, gathering the feedback from the customers helps them to gauge the quality of their products in the real world situation. However, it is recommended to Nokia that they should improve this process due to the reason that the real world situation varies in different places around the world and thus, determining feedback from certain bunch of customers will not help them to gauge the feedback of all the customers around the world. Potential benefits of the changes that are being undertaken. The potential; benefits from the changes that are being undertaken by the organization is being enumerated in this section of the report: Understanding the needs of the consumers The preferences of the consumers help in determining the market of the products. Therefore, understanding the needs and developing the products accordingly helps the organization in keeping up to the requirements and thereby retain the market. proper communication and the availability of the resources helps Nokia in undertaking the change. Proper management of the costs of productivity Costs of productivity are based on the factors and the actions undertaken by the organization. they are the costs that the organization incurs while implementing the change. Management of the costs will be helping the organization to make significant improvements in the market situations. Making technological advancements Nokia was once a company, which made considerable technological advancements, but in the later years the company failed to adopt the changed advancements. It resulted to the fall of their market shares (Bock et al. 2012). Therefore, the company is finding it hard to hold on to the market. The improvements in the technology will help the company in making a comeback to the market with all the modifications required by the target range of consumers. It will also help the company in retaining the competitive advantage in the market. The handout that is being planned by Nokia, keeping in mind the changes that are required to be undertaken, is an important step. The organization produces the handout for a meeting that is aimed at discussing the changes that the organization needs to undertake. This section of the report enumerates the handout to be discussed in the meeting that is being undertaken by the organization. The technological advancements that must be undertaken by the organization in order to cope up with the change in the demand and preference patterns. The companys focus on improving the software rather than the hardware of the products that are being manufactured. Bringing about changes in the management systems in order to improve the stakeholder relationships Enhancing the communication systems in order to make improvements in the structure Organizational structures must be enhanced in order to undertake the proper processes undertaken by the organization Plans for improvements of the organization PRINCE 2 analysis Changes that are required to be taken Systems Implementation Plan The technological changes Eradicating communicational barriers Effective management of the human resource Changing the technology based on the requirements Improving the communication systems through usage of social media Policies to encourage the human resource and keep the work force motivated Quality Improving the quality of the products and the after sale services Monitoring over the products and services that are being manufactured in order to ensure the quality Organization Structural changes referring to the improvements in the communication Improvements in the communicational channels in order to keep the stakeholders aware of the processes undertaken by the organization Business case The business case is based on the requirements of the people and thereby the peoples way of undertaking the change based on the market considerations. In order to adhere to the changes that are being desired by the consumers, the company plans the change in their organizational structure. Progress The progress of the organization based on the changes hat are required to be taken Undertaking a situation analysis of the organization in order to understand the progress of the organization. Change The changes are based on the change in the requirements of the consumers Undertaking analysis in order to understand the consumer behavior and determine the preferences Risks The effectiveness of the change that is being undertaken by the organization The change in the output and design might affect the availability. Proper assumptions Relating to the design of the commodities that are being preferred by the consumers Extension activities The extension activities undertaken by the organization is based on the requirements of the organization to excel in the market. The extension helps in determining the factors that are being involved in the processes for development of the organization. The organization must take steps in order to ensure the smooth functioning of the human resource through grants and incentives. It helps in keeping the work force motivated and focused on the work. The other concerns of the company are based on the concerns of the company to undertake effective exports services. The most important concern of the organization is based on the after sale services that the organization aims at rendering to the consumers. The improvements in the services help the organization in retaining the consumers of the organization and thereby enhance the brand loyalty. References Ahuja, G., Soda, G. and Zaheer, A., 2012. The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks.Organization science,23(2), pp.434-448. Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Argote, L., 2012.Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Beyerlein, M.M. and Harris, C.L., 2004.Guiding the journey to collaborative work systems: A strategic design workbook. Pfeiffer. Bock, A.J., Opsahl, T., George, G. and Gann, D.M., 2012. The effects of culture and structure on strategic flexibility during business model innovation.Journal of Management Studies,49(2), pp.279-305. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of business research,67(1), pp.2891-2902. Clutterbuck, D. and Hirst, S., 2012.Talking business: Making communication work. Routledge. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Damanpour, F. and Aravind, D., 2012. Managerial innovation: Conceptions, processes, and antecedents.Management and Organization Review,8(2), pp.423-454. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation.Journal of business research,65(7), pp.1040-1050. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Kaufer, D.S. and Carley, K.M., 2012.Communication at a distance: The influence of print on sociocultural organization and change. Routledge. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kotter, J., 2012. How the most innovative companies capitalize on today's rapid-fire strategic challenges-and still make their numbers.Harvard business review,90(11), pp.43-58. Martins, E.C. and Terblanche, F., 2003. Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation.European journal of innovation management,6(1), pp.64-74. McKenzie, J. and Van Winkelen, C., 2004.Understanding the knowledgeable organization: nurturing knowledge competence. Cengage Learning EMEA. O'Hair, D., Friedrich, G.W. and Dixon, L.D., 2007.Strategic communication in business and the professions. Allyn Bacon. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014.The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P., 2012.Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons.

Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations Essay Example

Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations Paper The fame and prosperity of Pompeii may be largely credited to the influence which the Romans had over it, by first making it an ally of theirs in 290BC and then a colony of their empire in 90BC. However, before the Romans had arrived in Pompeii it had been occupied by several other inhabitants, namely the Oscans, Greeks, Etruscans and the Samnites. By analysing what each of these civilisations contributed to the development of the city in comparison to Rome itself, I will be able to determine whether this is a fair assessment of Pompeii’s development. The Oscans were the first people to inhabit Pompeii, but the people themselves we know very little about. They created the first town between 800 and 750BC in regions VII and VIII; this was going to be the basis for all the other inhabitants to come. The site was chosen for settlement as it was in a good defensive position, due to being situated on a mountainside; the River Sarno allowed large ships to sail up it making it easy to trade as well as benefiting agriculturalists as the river was also used to water the fields and drain them. The Oscans made a wise decision choosing Pompeii as a place for settlement as it had many advantages but where there is prey, there are predators! The next residents of Pompeii were the Greeks, but the Oscans did leave some things behind, such as their language which continued to be used right up until 80BC, a name for the city, which never changed and the basic town. The Oscans definitely helped in the development of Pompeii and the Romans do owe much to their influence, as without them the town may have ceased to exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pompeii is famous as a Roman town yet it owes much to the influence of other civilisations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Greeks were the first to capture Pompeii and decided to keep the original name; this indicated that already Pompeii was a large, established and a well-know town. Many people would say that the Greeks had the largest influence over Pompeii as a city because they left many wonderful buildings and enlarged the town quite substantially. The Greeks took great advantage of the wealthy land by using the harbour as a base for trade and building a Doric temple for Apollo. Greek influence and colonisation spread right over to Southern Italy and Sicily. But the Greeks did not have it easy. Soon the Etruscans, from the North of Rome, became jealous of their success in Campania and occupied the town during 524 and 424BC, but left no trace of any major building works. To end this intervention in 474BC there was a Greek naval victory that won them back Pompeii for another 50 years. However the Etruscans caused Pompeii a lot of damage, leaving the Greeks with restoration work to do. The Greeks rebuilt temples; fortified the town, in case of another attack; and expanded the town. The Greeks were also to thank for the famous town planner Hippodamus of Miletus who designed the layout for the rest of Pompeii, making it a regular geometric grid. But towards the end of the 5th century BC the Osco-Greek town was invaded and conquered by a stronger race of people, the Samnites. The Greeks left Pompeii with a much larger and more cultured town for the Samnites to take over. The Samnites were mountain dwellers from the Apennines (also known as the spine of Italy), they later became better known as the Campanis. The only major change the Samnites made to the already well-developed town was the replacement of the walls with stronger fortification. In addition they expanded the town and built blocks of houses. The Samnite control did not last long; however, as a result of the Samnite Wars (343-290VC, between Roman and the Samnites) the Roman themselves came to Campania. The Samnites did not leave much behind that helped with the development of Pompeii, so not much is owed to the Samnites when it comes to its influence on the town. The Romans captured Pompeii during the second Samnite War in the 4th century BC. After a failed attempt to gain control of Pompeii in 310BBC, when the Pompeians drove the Romans away, they eventually took over twenty years later when Pompeii’s people gave in. Later between 260-146BC the Punic Wars took place between Carthage and Rome, unlike the other Campanian towns, Pompeii stayed loyal to Rome as its leader. In 146BC Rome won and destroyed Carthage, these wars led to Pompeii expanding in an eastern direction. However in the following period, the need for housing reduced in Pompeii; this was because of the newly built city. Nuceria, built to the south east of Pompeii, consequently, all new housing was reduced to rubble and turned over for agricultural use. But Pompeii, as an ally of Rome, experienced one of the most flourishing periods of history in the last decades of the 2nd century BC. This was because trade was growing, particularly in the east due to Rome’s new allies, and the ruling class of Pompeii ( already benefiting from the vast agricultural estates) continued to get richer from the increase in trading. Nearing the end of the 2nd century a large renovation programme was undertaken in Pompeii, many more luxurious buildings were built. The renovation programme saw the constructions of two forums, the Temple of Jupiter, macellum, basillica, an open air theatre and a large portico connected to a smaller theatre. Pompeii was really raking in the benefits of being an ally of Rome. Although Pompeii was an ally of Rome, during the Punic Wars relations weren’t always friendly. In March 90BC Pompeii joined the rebels in a civil war to try and gain Roman citizenship, but they failed as Rome gradually gained the upper hand by having the best generals. Shortly after Herculaneum, a near by town in Campania, sufferend the same fate. After this rebellion, Pompeii lost many of its rights, such as self-government, also a Roman general forced a military colony on the Pompeians called the Cornelia Veneria Colony. The colonies were used to stamp out trouble and spread Roman influence. However there were benefits to having a Romanised Pompeii as it was mostly the wealthy Roman men with business experience who had settled in Pompeii, so they begun to take on the running of the town. As changes in Rome took place, the same happened to Pompeii, 27BC saw the rise of Emperor Augustus who was in power for around forty years. To make his mark on society a new building programme was enthralled in which a temple dedicated to Fortuna Augusta and an aqueduct was built. Pompeii owed a lot to the Romans as they developed the town an immense amount as well as expanding it. Not all is owed to the influence of other civilisations; the Romans did play a large part. I think Pompeii was perceived as a Roman town because it was publicised as a Roman town especially during its five years of trading. This may account for this prejudice of viewing Pompeii like this and proves that Pompeii owes much to other civilisations and not just Rome. Another reason may be that most of the Pompeii remains were actually Roman so this may have given the impression of Pompeii as a Roman-dominant town but it really was multicultural. Overall, I think Pompeii positively owes much to other civilisations even though the Romans overshadowed the developments of other civilisations due to their power and knowledge of utilising the town. Therefore, to say that Pompeii owes a lot to the influence of other civilisations is a very fair assessment, as although the town may be known as Roman, without the Oscans it may cease to exist and without the Greeks the town may not have become as cultured. I do not believe there is a particular civilisation that is owed the most because they all gave something towards the making of Pompeii.